What does “periodization” refer to in training programs?

Periodization refers to the systematic planning of training to maximize performance. This approach involves dividing the training program into specific time periods, known as cycles, that focus on different aspects of fitness and performance. The main goal is to optimize training loads, prevent overtraining, and allow for peak performance during a competition or event.

This structured methodology emphasizes variation in training intensity, volume, and type, enabling athletes to build strength, endurance, and skill progressively over time. By incorporating phases such as hypertrophy, strength, and peaking within a well-designed schedule, athletes can enhance their progress and achieve better results compared to more random, unstructured training methods.

The concept of periodization is valuable for not just elite athletes but also for anyone seeking to improve their fitness, as it helps in managing fatigue and promoting recovery, ultimately leading to improved performance and reduced risk of injury.